Why (Cancer) Risk Communication Can Be Hard

Why Learning Can Be Hard: Preschooler's Causal Inferences

Human intelligence has long inspired new benchmarks for research in artificial intelligence. However, recently, research in machine learning and AI has influenced research on children’s learning. In particular, Bayesian frameworks capture hallmarks of children’s causal reasoning: given causally ambiguous evidence, prior beliefs and data interact. However, we suggest that the rational frameworks...

Why Solutions Can Be Hard to Find -- A Featural Theory . . .

Proof Verification Can Be Hard!

Keywords: restricted ω-rule, not-semi-decidable, limits of proof verification The generally accepted wisdom in computational circles is that pure proof verification is a solved problem and that the computationally hard elements and fertile areas of study lie in proof discovery. 1 This wisdom presumably does hold for conventional proof systems such as first-order logic with a standard proof calc...

Why Information can be Free

This paper describes a model that demonstrates that sharing knowledge can be adaptive purely for its own sake. This is despite the fact that sharing knowledge costs the speaker in terms of foraging opportunities, and that initially the majority of the population consists of free-riders who listen but do not speak. The population is able to take advantage of the increased carrying capacity of th...

Why several truths can be true

In this paper, we offer a perspective on complementarity, acknowledging that it is not possible for human perception and cognition to grasp reality with unambiguous concepts or theories. Therefore, multiple concepts and perspectives are valid when they are not exaggerated beyond reasonable limits and do not claim exclusive validity. We recommend a humble stance enabling respectful dialogue betw...